扁桃体结石多发生于扁桃体上隐窝中，如此处长期阻塞，分泌物引流不畅，干酪样物积聚，致不易溶解的钙、镁等无机盐沉积而成结石。其核心可为小异物、脱落的上皮细胞或细菌等。在有纤毛菌丝的周围亦常可发生结石。
结石可为一个或多个
结石从芝麻至核桃大小，有报告一扁桃体结石重6.4克，散布于咽壁淋巴组织的结石，形小、质软、易碎；扁桃体结石则较大，坚硬如石。包埋于粘膜下的结石，表面多呈结节状。粘膜表面可因受压糜烂，发生流脓瘘管，常使扁桃体上隐窝和舌腭弓粘连。
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